清初江南的八旗驻防与地方应对——以杭州满营建设为中心
郑宁
上海师范大学历史学系
Abstract: 清军入主中原后,在重要城镇圈建满营,作为王朝统治的武力基石。驻防八旗希望占据繁华地带,尽可能扩大满营面积,官绅百姓则希望减少圈占民房,降低满营建设对地方社会的损害。在杭州,驻防八旗全面占据上风,将繁华的城西圈为满营,又有筑墙、扩建等工程,其间大量圈占民房、驱赶百姓,严重损害了地方利益。地方官与士绅百姓都试图限制满营的建设与扩建,但八旗官兵颇为强势,且得到朝廷的支持,官绅百姓难以与之对抗,被迫寻求妥协办法。由地方官府主导、士绅执行、百姓参与的捐资建房,成为杭州应对满营扩建,保护地方利益的最现实方法。苏州、镇江也存在相似的情况,官方主导、绅民出资,以金钱换空间,是清初江南地方社会应对驻防八旗索求营房的普遍选择,尽管只是止损之举,但这种方法保障了地方秩序的稳定,渡过了军民关系紧张的鼎革时代。
- DOI:
10.19563/j.cnki.sdzs.2019.03.022
- Series:
(H) Education & Social Sciences; (F) Literature/ History/ Philosophy; (G) Politics/ Military Affairs/ Law
- Subject:
China Ancient History; China Politics and International Politics
- Classification Code:
K249;D691
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